Łɪᰍᔾ
❭ᯝᅕ⪙ᖅᱶ⦹ʑ
࠺ᩢᔢၰᔍḥᯕḡᬭḡḡᦫࠥಾᖅᱶ⦹۵ʑ܆᯦ܩ݅ᅕ⪙ࡽ࠺ᩢᔢၰ ᔍḥᮡ⡍๘⦹Ñӹᅕ⪙ෝ⧕ᱽ⦹ʑᱥʭḡ۵ᔎᱽࡹḡᦫܩ݅
y <༉ऽ .0%& >ქ✝ᮥ٭్ᰍᔾ༉ऽ 
ෝᖅᱶ⦹ᖙ y ࠺ᩢᔢੱ۵ᔍḥ៙օᯝ⪵໕ᮥᖁ┾⦹ᖙ
4ᱥℕᖅᱶᮥᖁ┾⦽Ğᬑ⧕ݚᦩԕྙǍaӹ┡Ԋܩ݅<ʑ܆ ᳭ᬑ > ქ✝ᮥ٭్ᩩෝᖁ┾⦽⬥<ʑ܆ 0, >ქ✝ᮥ٥ᖙ
5ᱥℕ⧕ᱽෝᖁ┾⦽Ğᬑ⧕ݚᦩԕྙǍaӹ┡Ԋܩ݅<ʑ܆ ᳭ᬑ > ქ✝ᮥ٭్ᩩෝᖁ┾⦽⬥<ʑ܆ 0, >ქ✝ᮥ٥ᖙ
⦹᭥ີە⧎༊
1<ີە .&/6 >ქ✝p<ʑ܆ ᳭ᬑ > ქ✝pᅕ⪙ෝᖁ┾⦹ᖙ
2 <ʑ܆ ᔢ⦹ >ქ✝ᮥ٭్ᬱ⦹۵ |
ᯝၹ
ᅕ⪙
❭ᯝᖁ┾
⧎༊
❭ᯝᖁ┾
ᖅ
ᖁ┾⦽❭ᯝᨱᅕ⪙ෝᖅᱶ⧊ܩ݅
⧎༊ᮝಽᯕ࠺⦽⬥<ʑ܆ 0, > |
ქ✝ᮥ٥ᖙ |
3❭ᯝᖁ┾ᮥᖁ┾⦽Ğᬑ❭ᯝᯕ៙օᯝ ⪵໕ᮝಽӹ┡Ԋܩ݅
ⓐ<ʑ܆ ᔢ⦹᳭ᬑ >ქ✝ᮥ٭్ ᅕ⪙⧁❭ᯝಽᯕ࠺⦹ᖙ
ⓑ<ʑ܆ 0, >ქ✝ᮥ٭్ᅕ⪙⧁ ❭ᯝᮥᖁ┾⦹ᖙᩕᙁᦥᯕ⎹ 
ᯕӹ┡Ԋܩ݅
ᱥℕᖅᱶ
ᱥℕ⧕ᱽ
ӹaʑ
ᅕ⪙ |
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ᅕ⪙ | ᯕ࠺ | ≉ᗭ |
ᱥℕᖅᱶ ᱥℕ❭ᯝᨱᅕ⪙ෝᖅᱶ⧊ܩ݅
ᱥℕ⧕ᱽ ❭ᯝᅕ⪙ෝᱥℕ⧕ᱽ⧊ܩ݅
y ᱥℕᅕʑ⪵໕ᨱᕽࠥ❭ᯝᅕ⪙ෝᖅᱶ⧁ᙹᯩܩ݅
yᥑʑႊḡ╎ᯕᰁɩᮝಽᖅᱶࡹᨕᯩ۵ີ༉ญ⋕ऽ᮹❭ᯝᮡᅕ⪙ෝᖅᱶ⧁ ᙹᨧܩ݅
ⓒᅕ⪙⧁❭ᯝᮥĥᗮᖁ┾⦹ಅ໕ⓐ᪡ⓑෝၹᅖ⦹ᖙ
ⓓᖁ┾⦽❭ᯝᮥᅕ⪙ᖅᱶ⦹ಅ໕<ີە .&/6 >ქ✝ᮥ٥ᖙ
ⓔ⧕ݚᦩԕྙǍaӹ┡Ԋܩ݅<ʑ܆ ᳭ᬑ >ქ✝ᮝಽᩩෝᖁ┾⦽⬥ <ʑ܆ 0, >ქ✝ᮥ٥ᖙ
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